Sunday, 24 May 2020

AJRI Suggests CJI & SC Judges Turning COVID-19 Pandemic into A Blessing in Disguise


To,                                                                                                        19/05/2020
                       Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde,
                                 The Chief Justice of India,
                                              New Delhi.
Subject:  Suggestions for turning COVID-19 Pandemic into a blessing in disguise for Indian Justice Delivery System.
  Reference to the subject mentioned above, we on the behalf of our trust the Association for Judicial Reforms, India (AJRI), want to humbly submit the following submissions for kind consideration of lordship for enhancing public faith and trust on fairness and independency of Judiciary during Covid-19 Pandemic:                                                                                                    
1.    That our Trust, Association for Judicial Reforms ,India (AJRI) is working for the cause of Judicial Reforms by suggesting practical ways to all the stakeholders of Justice Delivery System based on public experiences and analytical legal researches.
2.    That as our Trust believes that evolution of present Judicial system within its jurisdictions is the best suited methodology to bring judicial reforms in India, we at AJRI work for documenting the public experiences of litigants/lawyers and synergize these with analytical researches carried out by our researchers, to suggest only those practical ways, which if implemented in accordance with the present Constitutional/Statutory provisions will bring valuable reforms in the present Judicial system.
3.    That on 06/04/2020, the Hon’ble Supreme Court speaking through your lordship, Justice D. Y. Chandrachud and Justice L.Nageswara Rao issued various directions evoking the jurisdiction of article 142 of Constitution of India in Suo Motu Writ Petition No.5/2020 for assuring access to justice during COVID-19 pandemic by adopting new ways.
4.    That above mentioned directions mandated all stakeholders of Indian Justice Delivery System to adopt the two sets of novel approaches for keeping access to justice open even during the most severest catastrophic situations, the first set of directions are regarding the behavioral changes which are required to be adopted by all, under changed situations, and second set of directions are about the usage of digital technologies in accessing justice and delivering justice.
5.    That we at AJRI suggest your goodself, the two sets of practicable suggestions for urgent implementation for securing the Rule of Law during the COVID-19 pandemic Lockdown, and further propose your goodself for continuance of the same, even after normalcy regained. These suggestions if implemented would reduce uncalled the public gatherings in Indian Courts on one hand and will further enhance the sanctity in judicial proceedings. 
6.    That as per AJRI analytical research synchronized with ground reports gathered by our research team, clearly suggests that, India has 2,500 court complexes housing more than 15,000 Courts, further our research indicates that around 15, 00,000 cases come for consideration daily in the Lower Courts. The Civil Cases Vs Criminal Cases ratio in Indian Courts is 1: 2.5, The CrPC mandates the presence of complainant and accused in hearings of criminal cases, keeping. in view of aforesaid legal provisions and general tendency of Indian litigants,  more than 2.5 million litigants usually attend Indian lower courts daily in congested court complexes, apart from litigants, the Indian lower courts complexes hold around 15, 00,000 (2500x500) lawyers and their support staff whole of the day.
7.    That under above inscribed scenario, where around four million people attend Indian lower courts in a day, maintaining the social distancing would be a cumbersome work for authorities, on this issue AJRI wants to suggest that, the Lower courts should direct all lawyers to compete the procedural legal works like, filings of the written statements, the reapplications, the written replies and the written arguments in civil cases. And in criminal side, where cases are pending for arguments, these cases should be taken on priority basis and lawyers should be directed to file their written arguments in the support of their respective cases in accordance with section 314 of CrPC, prior to granting them opportunities for oral arguments, which will one on side enable judges to decide the cases quickly and on other side, it will minimize the duration of physical presence of lawyers and accused in the courts.
8.    That further AJRI suggests your lordship to issue direction to all judges irrespective of status of courts, for utilizing the lockdown period to write down the judgments in all those cases, which are pending for order/judgments and upload the copies of same in e-court website. If these steps are taken then it would prevent litigants to visit courts complexes for above mentioned purposes in future.
9.    That the situation in the Higher Judiciary including the Supreme Court of India is critical, wherein 26 Court Complexes hold more than 65,000 (26x2500) lawyers and their support staff daily, apart from these, approximately same number of litigants attend various High Courts and the Supreme Court of India daily. On this onset, we at AJRI suggest your goodself to first start telecasting live streaming of Court proceedings of The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India and all High Courts in accordance with the directions dated September 26, 2018 issued by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Writ Petition (civil) No. 1232 of 2017 Titled Swapnil Tripathi Vs Supreme Court of India.
10. That the telecasting of the live streaming of Court proceedings in the High Courts and in The Supreme Courts will endorse the existing provisions of the Rule 1, Order 20 of CPC and section 353 of CrPC and it will also reduce the litigants physically presence in  the courts.
11. That the telecasting of the live streaming of Court proceedings in the lower Courts is not feasible right now in absence of basic infrastructure required, like uninterrupted power supply, ultra speed internet etc. in all district Court Complexes. Once capacity will be created at all district level Courts, then lessons learnt from the Higher Courts of India can be replicated in all the district lower courts after customized the same as per the local situations.
12. That the people are isolated at homes, travel is restricted, the right for accessing justice has been impaired, as majority of citizens in the locked situations are not able to engage lawyers and nor they have any other option to access justice in case rule of law infringed in their vicinity (especially in rural India), and not normally come into the notice of Indian Justice Delivery system through media or through other limited legal window. On this aspect we at AJRI want to suggest your goodself that all the Higher Courts including the Hon’ble Supreme Court should release email addresses /other digital options for citizens, where they can send their grievances directly to the respective High Courts or even to the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. This suggestion, if implemented urgently will open an additional window for accessing the Justice Delivery during this COVID-19 pandemic, which will also widen the suo motu jurisdictions of Indian Justice Delivery system.
13. That the move of conducting the court proceedings through virtual Court mode is a welcome step for transforming the Indian Justice delivery from files to fiber technologies, but the early feedback of the virtual Court mode suggest that, even at the High Courts and the Supreme Court levels, the mode is at its infancy stages that CISCO’s Webx is an approved videoconferencing app but still Whatsapp is being used frequently while court proceedings in case of the approved CISCO’s Webx fails.
14. That majority of lawyers who experienced the virtual courts despite various technological hurdles welcomed the initiative of opening of the virtual Courts for keeping the Justice delivery system moving even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of lawyers advocated that, directly opening the virtual Courts for all lawyers, irrespective of their technological aptitude would be detrimental to their professional standings and would also be a great injustice with the litigants and ultimately to the cause of justice. On this aspect, We at AJRI suggests your goodself that, as concept of the virtual Courts in India is at its trial stage, and during this stage it should be tried with only those lawyers who are fully tech savvy that too after inviting their willingness to join virtual courts and once trial period will end, then a Standard Operating Procedure for Virtual Courts could be released after augmenting the general legal aptitude of a lawyer with available digital technologies. 
15. That We at AJRI suggests your good-self that apart from Virtual Courts ,help of a new technology called the virtual reality technology could be taken, which is easier for even non tech savvy judges and lawyers in conducting virtual court proceedings.
16. That the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation strategy warrants the social distancing as a main defence against COVID-19, but bringing this sudden behavioral change is not a easy to carried out until we take help of behavioral science, which says human lives are in constant state of changes but these changes went unnoticed until it was over and done. It can suddenly become habits, once you do or see something new that you’re never had before, or like you, quit doing something you've done forever. The move initiated by your goodself, easing the dress protocol for Judges and Advocates will surely bring desired behavioral changes towards the social distancing. On this Aspect, We at AJRI suggests you that during COVID-19 pandemic all the judicial complexes in India should be cleansed and sanitized to the next level and giving them a new look, as this new look will always remind all the stakeholders of the Indian Justice delivery system for maintaining the social distancing in court Complexes. 
17. That,AJRI humbly request your goodself that, if the above mentioned suggestions are implemented during COVID-19 pandemic, will not ease pressure on judicial authorities to maintain social distancing in court complexes during the COVID-19 menace, but also in post COVID-19 it may bring decisive judicial reforms in Indian Justice Delivery System. 
                      Keeping in view the above mentioned humble submissions it is kindly requested to consider the suggested suggestions in the interest of justice, in case of suggestive measure are positively implemented in the interest of fairness an independency of Indian Judiciary, assistance from our side is always at the disposal of one of fairest and independent justice delivery systems in prevailing world.

                                          Dinesh Singh Rawat                    Mrs. Jatinder Kaur
                                                    Trustee                       Managing Trustee
Copies to All Hon’ble Judges of The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India & Chief Justice of High Courts with humble request for considering of submissions made in our communication in the interest of Justice.
                                          Dinesh Singh Rawat                    Mrs. Jatinder Kaur
                                                        Trustee                       Managing Trustee
Enclosure:  Copies of Earlier Suggestions for Judicial Reforms suggested by AJRI to former Chief Justices of India

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